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Essays and readings

Essays on philosophy, theology, Church history and the classics, written with the same philosophical-Christian lens as our lessons. By John Wanzer.

Philosophy and politics

Eichmann in Jerusalem: banality of evil

What Hannah Arendt meant by the banality of evil, and why the expression is as often cited as it is misunderstood.

History and travel

Studying before traveling changes what you see

The same stone says one thing to those who pass by and another to those who arrive prepared. Why cultural preparation changes the trip, not just explains it.

Philosophy and politics

A plaque on the ground weighs more than a monument

Why a ten-centimeter plaque on the sidewalk does a work of memory that no monument can do.

Art and Renaissance

Water Organ, in Villa d'Este

A 16th-century hydraulic machine plays music in Tivoli without electricity and without anyone playing. How it works, and why it remained silent for two centuries.

History of ideas

SPQR, what does it mean

Senatus PopulusQue Romanus, and the small detail of the enclitic -que, which almost no one explains properly.

Art and Renaissance

Villa d'Este, in Tivoli, what to see

What to see in Villa d'Este, from Tivoli, in order of route, from the Water Organ to Viale delle Cento Fontane.

Art and Renaissance

Fountain of the Turtles, in Piazza Mattei

The Renaissance fountain in Piazza Mattei, the real authorship behind it, and the addition seventy years later that no one can explain.

History and travel

Jewish ghetto in Rome, what to see

The complete route through the oldest Jewish quarter in Europe, from the Theater of Marcellus to the Great Synagogue, in the order in which it happens on foot.

History of ideas

Jews in Rome, the oldest community

From the 2nd century BC to the Arch of Titus, from the 1555 ghetto to the Greater Synagogue: how the Jewish presence in Rome never stopped.

History of ideas

Stumbling stones in the Rome ghetto

What are the small brass plaques in front of the doors of the Rome ghetto, and what happened on the dawn they mark.

Literature and cinema

Le notti bianche: Visconti films Dostoevsky in Rome

Visconti transferred White Nights to Livorno and built the entire city inside a Roman studio, an artifice faithful to the spirit of the book.

History of ideas

The dreamers of European Romanticism

Dostoevsky's dreamer has brothers in Europe: Foscolo's Jacopo Ortis and Leopardi's young man who waits. A guy who crosses borders.

Philosophy and psychology

Idealized love: why we love an idea, not a person

The person in love does not love the other as an object, but the idea they created of them. A concept from White Nights, by Dostoevsky.

History of ideas

Dostoevsky in 1848, before the tortured genius

In 1848, Dostoevsky was not yet the tortured genius the world would come to know: a young man of 27, acclaimed in the salons and silent within.

Literature

Where to start reading Dostoevsky

Don't start with the screams, start with the whisper: why White Nights is the best gateway into Dostoevsky, and the reading order to follow after.

Literature

Types of reading: why novels shape who you are

There are readings for reference, for expertise, and for entertainment. Understand why good novels shape our emotions, not just entertain us.

Philosophy

Is a minute of happiness worth a lifetime?

Is a minute of happiness enough for an entire human life? Dostoevsky's question in White Nights, and why it has no easy answer.

Literature

White Nights, by Dostoevsky: summary and analysis

White Nights is not the story of a consummated romance, but of the love that could have been. Four nights, Nastenka, and an ending without a kiss.

Literature and philosophy

The dreamer of White Nights: an archetype

The protagonist of White Nights has no name because he is an archetype: someone who feels too much and lives too little, between Raskolnikov and Myshkin.

Cultural trips

St. Peter's Basilica: what to see

A tour through the essentials of Catholicism's largest church: the nave, Bernini's Baldachin, Michelangelo's dome, the Pietà, the Chair in the apse and the grottoes.

Art and Renaissance

The Chair of St. Peter, by Bernini

The bronze throne that Bernini set up in the apse of St. Peter's Basilica, keeping the ancient wooden chair inside. The highest chair in Christendom.

Literature

How to identify biblical echoes in literature

Three images that the Bible has borrowed from Western literature for centuries: the baby in the waters, food from the rock, the key in the belly of the fish. A reading method.

Art and Renaissance

Oedipus and the Sphinx, by Ingres, at the Louvre

Naked Oedipus, in profile, answering the riddle in front of the Sphinx in the shadows. What Ingres' composition says about the man who knows everything but himself.

Literature

Lübeck, the city of Thomas Mann

The Hanseatic city in northern Germany where Thomas Mann was born, the family mansion that became the Buddenbrookhaus, and how that world of merchants formed the writer.

Literature and life

The fear of not being able to handle a classic

For those who have already abandoned a classic halfway through, or never had the courage to open one: welcome, not pressure, to enter a difficult author through the right door.

History of ideas

The legend of Gregorius and the Gesta Romanorum

The Gesta Romanorum, Hartmann von Aue in the 12th century, and what Thomas Mann changed when rewriting the old legend: the ironic narrator, the spirit of the story.

Philosophy and theology

Legal guilt x moral guilt

A court would acquit Gregorius and Sibylla, because they didn't know. But the soul is not satisfied with the law. The difference between being innocent and needing cleaning.

Philosophy and theology

From Greek fate to Christian grace

In Greek tragedy, destiny is a machine that crushes, and there is no forgiveness. In Christianity, guilt faced becomes raw material. The law that condemns, the grace that reintegrates.

Philosophy and psychology

Freud psychologizes guilt, Mann redeems it

Freud transforms Oedipus into a diagnosis. Mann transforms Oedipus into a path to salvation. Psychologizing guilt explains what happened, but does not absolve it.

Philosophy and theology

Psalm 51: the penitent's prayer

"Have mercy on me, O God, according to your unfailing love." The prayer of David, the king who fell and, instead of hiding, knelt. The same prayer as Gregorius.